Southern Thailand extends from Chumphon in the
north to the Thai-Malaysian Border in the south
and secured by Gulf of Thailand in the east to
Indian Ocean in the west. Southern Thailand comprises
of 14 provinces, namely, Chumphon, Ranong, Surat
Thani, Phangnga, Phuket, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat,
Trang, Phatthalung, Songkhla, Satun, Pattani,
Yala and Narathiwat. Combination of the natural
as well as man-made beauty of the tropical islands,
beaches, coral reefs, marine life, fishing villages,
national parks, mountains, waterfalls, rubber
estates, temples and mosques makes the Southern
Thailand very attractive.
Before the 9th century AD, the Southern Thailand
or the Malay Peninsula consisted of several independent
states, namely, Pahang, Trengkanu, Kelantan, Tamphonling
or the present Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khorahi or
Chaiya, Langkhasuka now in Malaysia, Keta or Sai
Buri, Hrarak Kola or Takua Pa and Panpala now
in Myanmar. These independent states were united
to form a powerful Srivijiya Empire from 11th
to the 13th century AD. Nakhon Si Thammarat became
an independent territory after the disintegration
of the Srivijiya Empire in the 13th century AD
and extended its influence over other cities.
The entire region came under the control of Ayutthaya
in the 14th century AD.
In early 19th century AD during the early Rattanakosin
Period, the southern provinces largely remained
independent under the command of the principal
governors. King Rama IV decided to extend his
authority over the southern provinces and paid
two personal visits to reinforce the association
between the southern provinces and Bangkok. King
Rama V undertook enormous administrative reforms,
which included the consolidation of the southern
Thailand into several regions with Phuket, Chumphon,
Nakhon Si Thammarat and Pattani as the administrative
centers under the direct control of Bangkok.
The prime tourist centers in Southern Thailand
are:
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