Spanning over an area of 1,69,644 sq km, Northern
Thailand comprises of high mountains, lush forests
and cascading rivers, namely, the Ping, Wang,
Yom and Nan. The fertile alluvial soil at the
rive basins is good for farming. Home to many
ancient civilizations in the past, Northern Thailand
is densely inhabited.
Northern Thailand was habited by the Mons Civilization
before the 12th century AD, the evidence of which
are the chronicles and mythology. 13th century
onwards, historical records become more precise
when the Thais ruled the Sukhothai kingdom and
Lanna and Chiang Mai as the heart of the kingdom.
Established in the 13th century at the Yom Basin,
Kingdom of Sukhothai in Northern Thailand came
up at the time of decline of the Khmer Dynasty
with the capital at Sukhothai. The other important
cities under the kingdom were Kamphaeng Phet and
Phitsanulok. King Mengrai founded the Lanna Kingdom
with capital at Chiang Mai. The kingdom lasted
for 280 years with 19 successive rulers before
felling to the Burmese attack. Some two hundred
years after the Burmese attack, the Thip Chang
Dynasty was founded, which ruled Lanna as a feudatory
state of Thailand during the reign of Rama I.
The prime tourist centers of Northern Thailand
are:
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